The Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) are a specified set of low-level kernel subroutines that perform common linear algebra operations such as copying, vector scaling, vector dot products, linear combinations, and matrix multiplication. They were first published as a Fortran library in 1979 and are still used as a building block in higher-level math programming languages and libraries, including LINPACK, LAPACK, MATLAB, Mathematica, NumPy and R. BLAS subroutines are a de facto standard API for linear algebra libraries and routines. Several BLAS library implementations have been tuned for specific computer architectures. Highly optimized implementations have been developed by hardware vendors such as Intel and AMD, as well as by other authors, e.g. GotoBLAS and ATLAS (a portable self-optimizing BLAS). The LINPACK and HPL benchmarks rely heavily on DGEMM, a BLAS subroutine, for its performance measurements. … Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS)